KAIST

GLIA LABORATORY

Allen, N. J., & Barres, B. A. (2009). Nature, 457(7230), 675. — Allen, N. J., & Barres, B. A. (2009). *Nature*, *457*(7230), 675.

How is the brain built? How does the brain maintain its function? What initiates various brain disorders?

The central nervous system was once thought to be an immune-privileged area. However, it has become increasingly evident that neurons and glial cells adopt molecular mechanisms of innate immunity in regulating each other’s function. In addition, CNS cells and vasculature communicate with various immune cells at the CNS borders, including the meninges, choroid plexus, lymphatic drainage system, and perivascular spaces, regulating the brain’s formation, maintenance, and pathophysiology.

Our laboratory has established that astrocytes and microglia control neural circuit refinement and homeostasis by selectively eliminating unnecessary synapses via phagocytosis. These phagocytic roles of glial cells turn out to be critical not only for regulating synapse number and neural circuits but also for reducing potential CNS-enriched antigens, such as synapse and myelin debris, Aβ, and tau. However, much remains unknown about how CNS cells communicate with peripheral immune responses through vasculature at the brain borders, mediating the intricate control of functionality of glial, vascular, and immune cells in both healthy and diseased brains.

Thus, our laboratory aims to uncover novel mechanisms and explore the implications of brain immunity in regulating CNS functions and the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. To achieve this vision, we propose to investigate the following key projects:

Discover novel roles of glial phagocytosis in brain homeostasis.
Identify key regulators and their roles in CNS innate and adaptive immunity.
Investigate interactions between vasculature and CNS innate immunity in controlling adaptive immune responses at the brain borders.
Develop new immunotherapies for various brain disorders.

By investigating these projects, our research will significantly enhance the current understanding of the core mechanisms of autoimmune disorders, neuroinflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, providing novel therapeutic strategies for treating these devastating disorders.